Many scholars argue that foreign policy decisions are strongly influenced by distributions of capabilities, regime types, leader popularity, and other factors. This talk shows, by contrast, that humiliating events are among the significant drivers of future decisions to seek territorial gains. Using an expanded and recoded dataset of territorial change, the speaker finds robust support for a new theory of humiliation in international politics. States that have lost territory are much more likely to be aggressive and to gain territory in the future, not just from those to whom they lost territory in the past, but from other states as well, when controlling for material and security motives.